Attleboro is a city in Bristol County, Massachusetts, United States. It was once known as "The Jewelry Capital of the World" for its many jewelry manufacturers. According to the 2010 census, Attleboro had a population of 43,593 in 2010.Attleboro is located about 10 miles west of Taunton, the same distance to Providence, 18 miles northwest of Fall River, and 39 miles south of Boston.